Traditional Butterfly Hinges: A Complete Guide for Period Interiors

Introduction

Butterfly hinges are one of the most recognisable forms of traditional hinge, valued for their distinctive shape and decorative appearance. Named for their symmetrical “wings”, they were a popular choice in cottages, farmhouses, and early furniture where hardware was meant to be seen as part of the design. Today, butterfly hinges remain a practical and attractive option for period interiors, especially when made by hand using traditional blacksmithing methods. This guide explains how they are used, their history, installation basics, finishes, and where they are best suited in the home.

Explore our full collection of traditional hand-forged door hardware or browse our range of butterfly hinges to find styles suitable for your restoration or period home.

Table of Contents

1. What are butterfly hinges?
2. What is the history of butterfly hinges?
3. How do hand-forged butterfly hinges differ from modern versions?
4. How do you install butterfly hinges?
5. What finishes and materials are available?
6. How do you maintain butterfly hinges?
7. Where are butterfly hinges best used?
8. What are the benefits of traditional butterfly hinges?

What are butterfly hinges?

Butterfly hinges are decorative surface-mounted hinges shaped like a butterfly’s wings. Each hinge consists of two leaves joined by a central pin, allowing the door or lid to swing open smoothly. They are designed to be visible rather than hidden, adding a decorative element to furniture and internal doors.

They come in two distinctive designs — half and full butterfly hinges. The half butterfly hinge is best suited to kitchen cupboards and cabinets, where the rectangular section sits neatly on the narrow door surrounds. The full butterfly hinge is more decorative, intended for chests, shutters, and larger cupboard doors where there is enough surface area to display the full wing design.

In period homes, butterfly hinges are used on cupboards, cabinets, shutters, and light interior doors. While smaller versions are used on furniture, larger hand-forged hinges can support solid timber doors in cottages or barn conversions where traditional detailing is important.

Full Butterfly Hinge in Black Beeswax

Half Butterfly Hinge in Black Beeswax

What is the history of butterfly hinges?

The butterfly hinge dates back to medieval blacksmithing traditions. Early examples appeared on oak furniture and small doors in the 16th and 17th centuries. Their winged shape evolved from practical strap hinges, giving carpenters a compact but decorative alternative. During the Victorian era, cast-iron and brass butterfly hinges became fashionable on cabinetry and fitted furniture, matching the elaborate patterns of the period. By the 19th century, they were used widely in cottages and townhouses alike. The same patterns are now reproduced in traditional butterfly hinges for heritage restoration and period-style interiors.

Full Butterfly Hinge in Pewter

Half Butterfly Hinge in Pewter

How do hand-forged butterfly hinges differ from modern versions?

Hand-forged hinges are made by heating and hammering mild steel on an anvil to shape the wings and knuckle. Each piece shows slight variations and visible hammer marks that reflect traditional craftsmanship. This process produces a dense, durable hinge with an authentic texture and finish. Modern machine-made versions are stamped or cast, creating uniform results suited to mass production. While these decorative versions are inexpensive and consistent, they lack the individuality of forged ironwork. For restoration work or authentic joinery, hand-forged butterfly hinges remain the preferred option for their strength and historic accuracy.

How do you install butterfly hinges?

Butterfly hinges are surface-mounted, so installation is simpler than with morticed butt hinges. Follow these steps:

• Mark the hinge positions on the door and frame — typically one hinge near the top and another near the bottom for cupboards or light doors.
• Align the hinge so the central pin sits exactly at the edge of the door to allow smooth movement.
• Mark and drill pilot holes for the screws to prevent the wood from splitting and ensure a precise fit.
• Fix one leaf to the door first, checking it sits flat and aligned.
• Attach the second leaf to the frame or cabinet, keeping the hinge pin in a straight vertical line.
• Test the movement of the door to ensure it swings freely without binding.
• Tighten all screws securely once alignment is correct.
• Because these hinges are visible, take care to keep both wings level and symmetrical for the best appearance.

Hand forged H hinge in pewter finish

Hand forged H hinge in black beeswax finish finish

What finishes and materials are available?

Traditional butterfly hinges are usually made from mild steel or wrought iron. Common finishes include black beeswax and pewter patina, both of which complement other hand-forged door hardware. The black beeswax finish provides a rich, low-sheen surface ideal for interior doors, while pewter highlights the texture of the forge marks. Modern decorative versions may also be produced in cast iron, brass, or plated steel for a polished or antique appearance. For internal doors, hand-forged mild steel remains the most authentic choice. For moisture-prone rooms, pewter offers slightly better resistance to oxidisation.

Privacy latch in pewter finish

Privacy latch in black beeswax

How do you maintain butterfly hinges?

Maintenance is minimal. For hand-forged iron hinges, the black beeswax finish is applied to protect the product during storage and transit. Before installation, any excess wax should be carefully removed using a gentle solvent such as white spirit or WD-40 — avoid anything stronger, as it will strip the coating back to the base metal. Once cleaned, the hinge can be buffed with a soft cloth to achieve a low sheen.

After fitting, an occasional light coating of clear beeswax will help preserve the surface and enhance the finish. If light rust appears, it can be removed with fine steel wool before reapplying wax. Pewter-finish hinges require only a wipe with a damp cloth to remove dust. Avoid harsh chemical cleaners, as they may damage protective coatings. If a hinge begins to squeak, apply a drop of light oil or a touch of wax to the pin to restore smooth movement.

With simple care, traditional hinges can last for decades while developing a natural aged patina.

Penny end pull 6 inch pewter

Penny end pull 6 inch black beeswax

Where are butterfly hinges best used?

Butterfly hinges are best suited to interior furniture and joinery where the hardware remains visible. They are common on cupboards, cabinets, and wardrobe doors, as well as on shutters and small plank doors. In period properties, they suit kitchen cabinetry, built-in storage, or lightweight internal doors where a decorative feature is desired. Their shape makes them particularly effective for cottage or farmhouse interiors, pairing well with other traditional ironmongery such as Suffolk latches or hand-forged bolts. For exterior use, a weather-protected location such as a covered porch is essential, as mild steel hinges will oxidise if exposed directly to rain.

What are the benefits of traditional butterfly hinges?

Traditional butterfly hinges offer several practical and aesthetic benefits. They provide a secure pivot while also serving as a decorative accent. Because they are surface-mounted, they are easier to fit than recessed hinges and require no specialist tools. Their symmetrical shape allows them to complement both painted and natural timber finishes, and their visible detailing enhances the overall character of period joinery. When hand-forged, each hinge carries the marks of the blacksmith’s work, adding authenticity to restoration projects and heritage interiors. Used on furniture, cupboards, or interior doors, they offer both function and historical accuracy.

T bar latch set in pewter finish

T bar latch set in beeswax finish

FAQ

Conclusion

Butterfly hinges combine strength with decorative appeal, making them ideal for cottages, conversions, and traditional furniture. Their distinctive form adds interest to doors and cabinetry while maintaining historical integrity. Available in pewter and beeswax finishes, they are a practical choice for internal joinery that needs to look authentic and function reliably. Explore our full butterfly hinge collection to find the right design and finish for your project.